Surah An Nisa Ayat 11-12 Translation Tafseer

Para 4 - لَنْ تَنَالُوا

سورة النساء

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بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ

4.11-12

یُوْصِیْكُمُ اللّٰهُ فِیْۤ اَوْلَادِكُمْۗ-لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْاُنْثَیَیْنِۚ-فَاِنْ كُنَّ نِسَآءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَیْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۚ-وَ اِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُؕ-وَ لِاَبَوَیْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ اِنْ كَانَ لَهٗ وَلَدٌۚ-فَاِنْ لَّمْ یَكُنْ لَّهٗ وَلَدٌ وَّ وَرِثَهٗۤ اَبَوٰهُ فَلِاُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُۚ-فَاِنْ كَانَ لَهٗۤ اِخْوَةٌ فَلِاُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ یُّوْصِیْ بِهَاۤ اَوْ دَیْنٍؕ-اٰبَآؤُكُمْ وَ اَبْنَآؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُوْنَ اَیُّهُمْ اَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًاؕ-فَرِیْضَةً مِّنَ اللّٰهِؕ-اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَلِیْمًا حَكِیْمًا(11) وَ لَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ اَزْوَاجُكُمْ اِنْ لَّمْ یَكُنْ لَّهُنَّ وَلَدٌۚ-فَاِنْ كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ یُّوْصِیْنَ بِهَاۤ اَوْ دَیْنٍؕ-وَ لَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ اِنْ لَّمْ یَكُنْ لَّكُمْ وَلَدٌۚ-فَاِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ مِّنْۢ بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ تُوْصُوْنَ بِهَاۤ اَوْ دَیْنٍؕ-وَ اِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ یُّوْرَثُ كَلٰلَةً اَوِ امْرَاَةٌ وَّ لَهٗۤ اَخٌ اَوْ اُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُۚ-فَاِنْ كَانُوْۤا اَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذٰلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَآءُ فِی الثُّلُثِ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ یُّوْصٰى بِهَاۤ اَوْ دَیْنٍۙ-غَیْرَ مُضَآرٍّۚ-وَصِیَّةً مِّنَ اللّٰهِؕ-وَ اللّٰهُ عَلِیْمٌ حَلِیْمٌﭤ(12)

Kanz-ul-Irfan

Allah commands you regarding your children;[1] the share of a son is equal to the share of two daughters. If there are only daughters, ˹two or˺ more than two, for them there are two thirds of inheritance; and if there is one daughter, for her there is half a share. If the deceased has children, then for his parents, there will be a share of one sixth of the inheritance each. If the deceased does not have children but leaves behind parents, for his mother ˹the share will be˺ a third. If he has many brothers and sisters, the mother ˹will receive˺ a sixth; ˹these rulings will apply˺ after ˹the fulfilment of˺ the will expressed by him (the deceased) or ˹the repayment of˺ debt. Your fathers and your sons, you do not know which of them will be more beneficial to you. ˹This is˺ a specified share from Allah. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, Most-Wise. You will inherit half of the estate left by your wives if they do not have children. If they have children, then you will receive a fourth of their estate. ˹These shares apply˺ after the will expressed by them (the wives) or ˹the repayment of˺ debt. For your wives, there is a share of one fourth from your inheritance if you do not have children, and if you have children, for them there is a share of one eighth of your inheritance. ˹These shares apply˺ after the will expressed by you or ˹the repayment of˺ debt. And if a man or woman, whose inheritance is to be distributed, has neither left parents nor children and there is only a ˹maternal˺ brother or sister, then for each ˹the share will be˺ a sixth. If there are more than one, all will share a third, ˹both situations apply˺ after the will of the deceased or ˹the repayment of˺ debt in the will which does not cause loss ˹for the heirs˺. This is a command from Allah[1] —and Allah is All-Knowing, Most-Forbearing.

Commentary

[1]

Rulings of inheritance are mentioned from this verse onwards; there are many details related to these laws. It is difficult to understand these rulings without formally practising and solving scenarios with a qualified teacher; these rulings should be understood through a scholar who is an expert of the science of inheritance.

[2]

The will of the deceased shall be fulfilled from a third of his wealth and anything more shall be dependent upon the permission of inheritors; if they wish, they can give a greater amount from their shares.