Surah Al Baqarah Ayat 282 Tafseer

Para 3 - تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ

سورة البقرة

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بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ

2.282

یٰۤاَیُّهَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْۤا اِذَا تَدَایَنْتُمْ بِدَیْنٍ اِلٰۤى اَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوْهُؕ-وَ لْیَكْتُبْ بَّیْنَكُمْ كَاتِبٌۢ بِالْعَدْلِ۪-وَ لَا یَاْبَ كَاتِبٌ اَنْ یَّكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللّٰهُ فَلْیَكْتُبْۚ-وَ لْیُمْلِلِ الَّذِیْ عَلَیْهِ الْحَقُّ وَ لْیَتَّقِ اللّٰهَ رَبَّهٗ وَ لَا یَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَیْــٴًـاؕ-فَاِنْ كَانَ الَّذِیْ عَلَیْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِیْهًا اَوْ ضَعِیْفًا اَوْ لَا یَسْتَطِیْعُ اَنْ یُّمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْیُمْلِلْ وَلِیُّهٗ بِالْعَدْلِؕ-وَ اسْتَشْهِدُوْا شَهِیْدَیْنِ مِنْ رِّجَالِكُمْۚ-فَاِنْ لَّمْ یَكُوْنَا رَجُلَیْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَّ امْرَاَتٰنِ مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَآءِ اَنْ تَضِلَّ اِحْدٰىهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ اِحْدٰىهُمَا الْاُخْرٰىؕ-وَ لَا یَاْبَ الشُّهَدَآءُ اِذَا مَا دُعُوْاؕ-وَ لَا تَسْــٴَـمُوْۤا اَنْ تَكْتُبُوْهُ صَغِیْرًا اَوْ كَبِیْرًا اِلٰۤى اَجَلِهٖؕ-ذٰلِكُمْ اَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ وَ اَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَ اَدْنٰۤى اَلَّا تَرْتَابُوْۤا اِلَّاۤ اَنْ تَكُوْنَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَةً تُدِیْرُوْنَهَا بَیْنَكُمْ فَلَیْسَ عَلَیْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ اَلَّا تَكْتُبُوْهَاؕ-وَ اَشْهِدُوْۤا اِذَا تَبَایَعْتُمْ۪-وَ لَا یُضَآرَّ كَاتِبٌ وَّ لَا شَهِیْدٌ۬ؕ-وَ اِنْ تَفْعَلُوْا فَاِنَّهٗ فُسُوْقٌۢ بِكُمْؕ-وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰهَؕ-وَ یُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللّٰهُؕ-وَ اللّٰهُ بِكُلِّ شَیْءٍ عَلِیْمٌ(282)

Kanz ul Iman Kanz ul Irfan

English translation of Kanz-ul-Irfan

O you who believe! When you mutually agree a loan for a fixed period, record it and a scribe should write ˹the agreement˺ with justice among you. The scribe should not refuse to write, ˹rather,˺ he should write as Allah has taught him. And the one upon whom is the right (debt) should proceed with dictating ˹the agreement˺ and fear Allah, his Lord; and he should not omit anything from it (the debt).[1] Then if the one upon whom is the right (debt) is unintelligent or weak or incapable of dictating, then his guardian should dictate with justice.[2] And make two witnesses from your men, so if you do not have two men, then a man and two women from the witnesses whom you approve of that ˹if˺ one ˹woman˺ of the two forgets, the other should remind her.[3] And the witnesses should not refuse when they are summoned. And do not be averse to writing it (the debt), whether it be small or large, with its term; this is a more just way with Allah and more authentic for the testimony, and nearer to this that you do not doubt; (write every agreement)[4] except if the trade is immediate, from hand to hand between yourselves, then there is no sin on you that you do not write it. And make a witness when you do business, neither scribe nor witness should be harmed (or neither scribe nor witness should cause harm); and if you act in this way ˹of harm˺, this will be your disobedience. And fear Allah; and Allah teaches you.[5] And Allah knows everything.

Commentary

If there is a matter of debt, whether it is a loan, or trade, or advance payment for goods, or delivery of goods for a deferred payment, or a deposit, or rent, in all such scenarios, the agreement should be documented. This instruction is not necessary (wājib), but complying with it saves one from many difficulties; in our era, abiding by this ruling has become essential.

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