Surah An Nisa Ayat 11 Tafseer

Para 4 - لَنْ تَنَالُوا

سورة النساء

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بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِیْمِ

4.11-12

یُوْصِیْكُمُ اللّٰهُ فِیْۤ اَوْلَادِكُمْۗ-لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْاُنْثَیَیْنِۚ-فَاِنْ كُنَّ نِسَآءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَیْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۚ-وَ اِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُؕ-وَ لِاَبَوَیْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ اِنْ كَانَ لَهٗ وَلَدٌۚ-فَاِنْ لَّمْ یَكُنْ لَّهٗ وَلَدٌ وَّ وَرِثَهٗۤ اَبَوٰهُ فَلِاُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُۚ-فَاِنْ كَانَ لَهٗۤ اِخْوَةٌ فَلِاُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ یُّوْصِیْ بِهَاۤ اَوْ دَیْنٍؕ-اٰبَآؤُكُمْ وَ اَبْنَآؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُوْنَ اَیُّهُمْ اَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًاؕ-فَرِیْضَةً مِّنَ اللّٰهِؕ-اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَلِیْمًا حَكِیْمًا(11) وَ لَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ اَزْوَاجُكُمْ اِنْ لَّمْ یَكُنْ لَّهُنَّ وَلَدٌۚ-فَاِنْ كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ یُّوْصِیْنَ بِهَاۤ اَوْ دَیْنٍؕ-وَ لَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ اِنْ لَّمْ یَكُنْ لَّكُمْ وَلَدٌۚ-فَاِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ مِّنْۢ بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ تُوْصُوْنَ بِهَاۤ اَوْ دَیْنٍؕ-وَ اِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ یُّوْرَثُ كَلٰلَةً اَوِ امْرَاَةٌ وَّ لَهٗۤ اَخٌ اَوْ اُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُۚ-فَاِنْ كَانُوْۤا اَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذٰلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَآءُ فِی الثُّلُثِ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ یُّوْصٰى بِهَاۤ اَوْ دَیْنٍۙ-غَیْرَ مُضَآرٍّۚ-وَصِیَّةً مِّنَ اللّٰهِؕ-وَ اللّٰهُ عَلِیْمٌ حَلِیْمٌﭤ(12)

Kanz ul Iman Kanz ul Irfan

English translation of Kanz-ul-Imaan

Allah commands you concerning your children (regarding their share of inheritance); the share of the son is equal to the share of two daughters; then if there are only daughters, even if more than two, for them is two-thirds of the inheritance. And if there is only one daughter, for her is one half. For each of the parents of the deceased is one sixth of the inheritance, if he has children. Then, if the deceased has no children but leaves behind parents, so one third is for the mother (and the remaining is for the father). Then, if he has several brothers and sisters, so one sixth is for the mother after any will he had made and (after) payment of debt (if owed by the deceased). Your fathers and your sons; you do not know which of them will be more useful to you. This share is fixed by Allah; indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, Most Wise. And for you is one half from that what your wives leave behind, if they do not have children. Then, if they have children, for you therefore is one fourth of what they leave after payment of any will that (they) had made or (their) debt yet to be paid. And for the women is one fourth of what you leave behind, if you do not have children. Then, if you have children; so one eighth of what you leave behind after any will you had made, or debt yet to be paid. And if the inheritance of such a (deceased) man or woman is in the process of being distributed who did not leave behind a mother, father or children, but has a brother or a sister through a common mother, to each of them is therefore one sixth. Then, if the brothers and sisters are more than one, so they shall all have a share in one third after payment of any will or any outstanding debt, in which the deceased has not caused harm (to the heirs by making an unfair will). This is the decree of Allah, and Allah is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.

Commentary

Rulings of inheritance are mentioned from this verse onwards; there are many details related to these laws. It is difficult to understand these rulings without formally practising and solving scenarios with a qualified teacher; these rulings should be understood through a scholar who is an expert of the science of inheritance.

The will of the deceased shall be fulfilled from a third of his wealth and anything more shall be dependent upon the permission of inheritors; if they wish, they can give a greater amount from their shares.

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